Kestopluskvamperfekti
Kestopluskvamperfektin funktioita
Kestopluskvamperfekti vastaa kestoperfektiä, mutta viittaa aikaan, joka oli 'ennen nyt'. Kuten kestoperfektissä, olemme kiinnostuneempia prosessista.
Esimerkkejä
- Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?
- We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
- It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
- Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.
Tätä muotoa käytetään myös epäsuorassa lainauksessa. Se vastaa kestoimperfektiä ja kestoperfektiä suorassa lainauksessa:
- Jane said, "I have been gardening all afternoon." = Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon.
- When the police questioned him, John said, "I was working late in the office that night." = When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night.
Kestopluskvamperfektin muodostaminen
Kestopluskvamperfekti muodostetaan kahdesta osasta - verbin pluskvamperfekti to be (=had been) + partisiipin preesens (verbin kantamuoto+ing).
| Subjekti | had been | verbi + ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | had been | walking |
| Myönteinen | ||
| She | had been | trying |
| Kielteinen | ||
| She | hadn't been | sleeping |
| Kysymyslause | ||
| Had you | been | eating? |
| Kielteinen kysymyslause | ||
| Hadn't they | been | living? |
To buy, kestopluskvamperfekti
| Myönteinen | Kielteinen | Kysymyslause |
|---|---|---|
| I had been buying | I hadn't been buying | Had I been buying? |
| You had been buying | You hadn't been buying | Had you been buying? |
| She had been buying | She hadn't been buying | Had she been buying? |
| We had been buying | We hadn't been buying | Had we been buying? |
| They had been buying | They hadn't been buying | Had they been buying? |